The Price You Pay For Being Smart Its Been A Minute

TITLE: The price you pay for being smart. | It’s Been a Minute CHANNEL: NPR Podcasts DATE: 2025-07-14 ---TRANSCRIPT--- Support for this podcast and the following message come from Alon’s Travel Insurance. You’re so excited to finally make it to Ireland, but the stomach bug you caught in Dublin wasn’t exactly on your bucket list. Benefits like emergency medical coverage can have your back. Learn more at alons’s travel insurance.com. Hello. Hello. I’m Britney Loose and you’re listening to It’s Been a Minute from NPR, a show about what’s going on in culture and why it doesn’t happen by accident. Our show today starts with a story of viral outrage. In November, an academic named Ally Lukes posted a photo of herself on X holding her thesis. After years of work, she was celebrating finishing her PhD at Cambridge University.

My thesis is titledactory ethics, the politics of smell in modern and contemporary pros. So I look at why certain authors of the past century use smell to indicate social hostilities and I connect these literary examples with the realworld understanding of smell and how we think about smell in society. Ally thought she’d get a couple congrats comments and go on with her life. That’s not what happened. It didn’t even occur to me actually that it could blow up in a negative way after it was retweeted by a couple of right-wing accounts who had kind of mocked the idea of my thesis and actually the fact that I was doing a PhD in English literature. [Music] To make it clear, just the title alone of her thesis, which you could see in the picture she posted, was enough to make it go super viral. It now has over 126 million views. I’m sorry to say I was on X the day that this went viral. And let me tell you, that comment section was rough. Here’s a taste of it. 10 years of childbearing youth that she will never regain. A liberal arts education is worth nothing. Academia is a disaster. We should be teaching math, science, not this nonsense. Make education great again. It seemed like a perfect storm of cultural threads converging. Alt-right misogyny, the anti-woke crowd, calls for disinvestment in the humanities. And to me, it all pointed toward a larger threat, anti-intellectualism. That is hostility and mistrust towards academics, experts, and education. And I’m not the only one seeing this. Researcher Matt Mada found that one in three Americans holds anti-intellectual views. This week, I’m revisiting some of my favorite conversations about the value we place on knowledge, reading, and education. I sat down with Dr. Ally Luke’s. Just Ally is fine. And Dr. Jason Stanley, professor of philosophy at Yale. Thank you so much. to dig deeper into anti-intellectualism and what it means for the future of our democracy. [Music] To jump right in, Ally, I want to start with you. Despite a lot of the negative attention that came your way, you’ve really taken this and kind of run with it. I see you connect something new happening in culture back to your dissertation all the time. You know, I think about how Cardi Bean posted about how she smelled kind of touting her lack of smell in some ways as an asset and you tied it back to your research. You were like, “This is kind of what I’m talking about in my research.” It’s really cool to see how to see you show people how to think a bit more critically about smell despite everything else that happened. Yeah. Well, that’s the thing. I mean smell is a sense that almost all of us possess but it largely goes unagnowledged and uncritiqued and alactory language is really pervasive too. It’s just that we’re not used to thinking about it critically. So it’s not difficult for me actually to recognize these instances where my work is relevant in the world. It’s something that I’ve been doing for years. It’s just that I haven’t been posting about it on social media. I’ve been putting it in my thesis. So Jason, I heard you’re not online like that anymore. Yeah. But you did read about what happened with Alli’s thesis and the reaction to it. What was your initial reaction? Well, it’s interesting that the far right targets exactly the scholars who are studying elements of the far right. So they’re trying to attack the aspects of scholarship that allow us to understand their politics and their propaganda. A lot of the politics of the far right is the politics of disgust and smell is of course a central feature of disgust. So I’m seeing that aspect recur. And then of course the very idea that there’s scholarship that may problematize the ordinary status quo and that scholarship is done by women is taken as an existential threat. It’s interesting. We actually had a discussed scholar on this show Josh Rottman and he talked with us about discuss. We were actually talking about in terms of dating and getting the ick like that immediate feeling of disgust that makes you just not want to date someone anymore or not find them attractive. And you know to your point one of the things that we dis well that I discovered in talking with him is that there are so many other little assumptions that kind of undergur that ick. There are so many other societal expectations and norms that form discuss. I liked your comparison to the notion of a romantic ick because at least in a social context, smells are not going to harm us. Smells are harmless, even if they’re uncomfortable. Whoa, wake it up. I’m sorry. That is true. There’s a very real and distinct difference between harm and discomfort. And when we’re talking about smell and using it to create prejudices, i.e. to make prejuditial statements, what we’re doing is we’re mobilizing disgust. And disgust is a particular emotion that induces fear even in instances when fear is not necessary. And smell is one of those instances. Going back to the post, I want to get deeper into some of the threads that we saw in this viral attack. Some of these posts were engaging in anti-intellectualism. Jason, can you tell us how you see it fitting in here? Well, I believe Trump once said, “I love the poorly educated.” We won with highly educated. We won with poorly educated. I love the poorly educated. We’re the smartest people. We’re the most loyal people. Education gives us the foundation to understand changing aspects of culture. What happens in the university is critical inquiry into the status quo. And so if you can attack that and represent it as somehow deviant or decadent, then you can go back to representing critique of the status quo as something terrifying. Quality of an access to formal education in America is often determined by how much money you have. from public prek to Ivy League programs. Obviously, formal schooling isn’t the only way to learn valuable information, but as a result, being knowledgeable is often associated with being a member of the elite. I wonder what does the perceived connection between elite status and intellectualism have to do with this current wave of anti-intellectualism? Obviously, there’s an element of truth, of legitimacy to the critique of the elite. If you can connect these institutions to a kind of repugnant elitism, which they are connected to, let’s be frank, then you can marshall a populist movement against learning. M what it enables is a politics that says okay the rich snobby elite those are the ones who are questioning your traditions going into academia is an extremely difficult choice because it’s almost impossible to get a tenure track job. This idea of academics as somehow a uh economically privileged class is fictional. And then notice the people who are advancing this sort of quote unquote populist view are all themselves graduates of Harvard and Yale and Princeton. Ron DeSantis, Yale and then Harvard, Tom Cotton, Harvard, Harvard, but they’re promoting this attack the university’s line because it’s politically efficacious. Coming up, there’s been so much disinvestment in the humanities. Do they still matter? The humanities allows you to talk about anything, and that’s a threat. Stay with us. This message comes from US Bank. As a small business owner, you’re used to doing it all. But US Bank Business Essentials is here to help. It’s a powerful combination of checking and card payment processing that gets you fast access to the money you’ve earned with no monthly maintenance fee checking and unlimited digital transactions. They even have small business specialists that work together with you to help your business reach its full potential. That’s the power of us. 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[Music] I want to talk about the humanities of it all. Ally, I know that you’re in the UK, but we’re all in each other’s business together on X and on social media, but in the US, many universities have cut humanities majors and faculty, and only about 12% of students receive humanities degrees. I feel like there’s been so much focus on STEM that the humanities have become almost viewed as culturally worthless to a larger degree. What is the value of the humanities? I think the humanities study our social world which is incredibly complex, at least as complex as the sciences and requires research. So, building on Alli’s point, democracy is a system where we each play a role in the formation of the laws that govern us. You need to know history. You need to know the different social systems. You need to know the different perspectives of the citizens in your country. This issue that you’re asking about is the core of, you know, the most important debate in US intellectual history. The debate between Booker T. Washington and Duboce. Oh, that’s a throwback. They definitely were debating a lot of the same exact things that we’re talking about right now. Yeah. And Booker T. Washington said, “Black Americans should forget about liberal education because freedom is just making money. It’s just economic freedom.” And Duboce said, “No, everyone needs a liberal education. Everybody needs a free liberal education because that’s what democratic citizenship requires.” The attack on the humanities is part of the worldwide authoritarian move. like you cannot speak freely in authoritarian countries. I can’t go to China and give a rousing talk about the evils of a one party state. Uh that’s not allowed. The humanities allows you to talk about anything and that’s a threat. The idea that you can talk about anything particularly you can challenge the dominant ideologies. You can challenge the nation’s greatness. To that point, I think there’s also a cultural premium on things like going to space or developing AI or something like that. And in some of the backlash, I would say that I saw a lack of interest in learning about human beings, like learning about ourselves. Some people thought there was no application for your thesis, Ally, but you’ve been proving them wrong every day. And I think that’s one of the things that has been most stunning to me in thinking about all of this is that like a lack of interest, not to be literal about it, but like a lack of interest in the humanities does kind of demonstrate a lack of interest literally in like what it means to be human, the people around you, and also in in yourself. My thesis to some extent centers those who are most marginalized. So I have chapters on homeless people, on black women, white men on the right who would even selfidentify as white supremacists are not interested in people who they deem to lack value in society. So, it’s hardly a surprise to me that those people would not see any value in my thesis. I got one last question for you, Ally. Since this whole thing has happened, you have become the smell lady on X, aka Twitter, with people tagging you about the conscious and unconscious ways we interact with smell all the time. Is there anything that stuck with you from all this from this entire experience? The thing that has really stuck with me is seeing people mobilizing my ideas. Not tagging me, not even telling me about it, just seeing it pop up on my for you page or whatever it’s called. It’s so exciting for me to see my work being applied to context that I don’t even treat in the thesis. People are taking their own experiences, their own expertise in their own cultures and applying it to things going on that are relevant to them. And that is absolutely the best thing that could have possibly happened out of this for me anyway as someone who always wanted to share my work with a public audience. Thank you both so much. This was great. Thank you. Thanks for being in conversation with us. That was Dr. Alli Luks, professor at Cambridge, and Dr. Jason Stanley, professor at Yale. And I’m going to put on my influencer hat for a second and ask you to please subscribe to this show on Spotify, Apple, or wherever you’re listening. Click follow so you know the latest in culture while it’s still hot. This episode of It’s been a minute was produced by Liam McBain, Barton Gerwood. This episode was edited by Jasmine Romero. Engineering support came from Jimmy Keely. Our executive producer is Verilyn Williams. Our VP of programming is Yolanda Sanguini. All right, that’s all for this episode of It’s Been a Minute from NPR. I’m Britney Loose. Talk soon. Support for NPR and the following message come from online. 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